Cultivator



(No Model.) a sheets-sheet Y1.' E. E. WHIPPLE.

' GULTIVA-TOR. No. 319,871@ y Patented June 9, 1885.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

E. E. WHIPPLE..

ULTIVATOR.

MNO. 319,871. PatentdfJune 9, 1885'.

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N. PETERS. Pham'lmagmpmr. wnhlngmn, n. C.

(No Model.) /a sheets-sheen 3. E. E. WHIPPLB.

GULTIVATUR.

No. 319,871. Patented June 9, 1885.

Attorney N. PETERS. Plmlvulhognphtr. wllhlnmm DJ;

UNITED STATES PATENT FETCE.

EFFINGER E. VHIPPLE, OF EATON RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.,

CULTIVATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 319,871, dated June 9, 1885.

Application filed February 4, 1885. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that l, EFEINGER E. WHIPPLE, of Eaton Rapids, in the county of Eaton and State of llIichigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cultivators; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to that class of cultivators known as straddle-row cultivators, such as are used principally in cultivating corn; and it consists in the matters hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

A cultivator embodying my invention comprises as a principal feature two separate poles or tongues which are connected with each other by suitable cross-bars or arches pivoted to the tongues, or by other means constructed to hold the said tongues parallel with each other, and at the same time to permit an independent longitudinal movement of the tongues, the toothed sections or drag-bars of the cultivatorbcing connected in any suitable manner with the pivotally-connected frame thus formed by the two tongues and the transverse pieces connecting them. The drag-bars are preferably, however, connected immediatel y with the tongues,with advantages'which will hereinafter appear. The draft-connections may similarly be made in any convenient manner-as, for instance, by attaching singletrees to rigid lateral projections upon the tongues, or to a rear cross-piece of the frame, or to other parts, as found desirable or convenient.

The important advantages of a cultivator embracing the novel features of construction described are th at such cultivator possesses all of the well-known advantages of an ordinary tongued cultivator, while at the same time having the advantage possessed by tongueless cultivators of being compact in form and capable of being turned in a small space. By the novel construction described, also, a cultivator may be made having the advantages above stated, and which is at the same time exceedingly simple in structure, and is therefore cheap and little liable to get out of order.

The' novel features of construction above referred to may be used either in a walking or hand cultivator, or in a riding or sulky cultivator, and either in a wheeled machine or one in which the frame is otherwise supported. So far as the general features of novelty above referred to are concerned, also, it is immaterial as to the particular form of toothed sections or drag-bars used, or as to the means of attaching or connecting the drag-bars to or with the tongues or other part of thev frame. rlhe dragbars are, however, by preference attached to the tongues or to the transverse parts of the frame at points some distance in advance of the line upon which the single-trees are attached to the tongues or cross-pieces of the frame. By this construction the front ends of the drag-bars arc obviously brought to a point in advance of the point at which the draft-connections are made with the machine, whereby the entire structure is greatly shortened and made.

more compact. It will be understood that the forward ends of the drag-bars in this latter construction come at the sides of the horses, and that the teeth of the drag-bars will be brought close to the horses, but far enough in the rear, of course, to prevent interference with t-he free movements of the latter. The

draft-connections may, however, be made withv a frame constructed with two independentlymovable tongues otherwise than at the rear ends of the points at which the drag-bars are attached to the said frame, without doing away with any of the advantages obtained by such construction in the-frame; and my invention is not, therefore, limited to the relative locations of the draft anddrag-bar connections, except as specifically herein claimed.

In the machine herein shown as embodying one form of my invention the drag-bars are attached to the tongues themselves, so that the central lines of draft of the drag-bars are in alignment with the tongues, the connections between the forward ends of the dragbars and the tongues are made at points in advance ofthe rear ends of the tongues, and the draft-connections are made at or about in line with the rear ends of the tongues, whereby the entire machine is made much shorter than would otherwise be possible, with advantages above set forth. the parts herein shown, also, the tongues are In the construction of IOO connected at their rear ends by'a transverse frame-piece or arch pivoted to the tongues, and at their front ends by a second transverse piece pivoted to the tongues, the rear crosspiece or arch preferably being extended at its ends laterally beyond the tongues to afford means for attachment of single-trees, and the front cross-piece being also similarly extended at its ends to form a neck-yoke, whereby the forward ends of the tongues are guided and moved laterally with the movements of the horses. The tongues in this form of machine will usually be made of sufficient length only to give space for the horses between the projecting ends ofthe rear arch and the forward cross-piece or yoke, and the drag-bars being attached forward ofthe arch, as described, the said machine will obviously be of a forxnwhich is exceedingly compact and capable of being easily guided and readily turned in a small space.

rIhe draft-connections may, as before mentioned, be made directly, or by rigid connections, with the tongues; but the construction shown, in which the single-trees are attached to the projecting ends of a cross-piece or arch, is preferred, for the reason that in the latter construction one drag-bar will obviously be carried to a less extent in advance of the other when the horses pull nnevenly or one moves in advance of the other than when the horses are attached directly to the tongues.

The frame constructed generally as above set .forth may be supported above the ground in any suitable manner-as, for instance,by supporting-wheels attached to the tongues or the cross-piece or arch. A convenient construction of the parts is herein shown, in which the wheels are journaled in standards attached to the tongues, near the rear end of the latter. The particular location of t-he said wheels is unimportant, excepting that in cases where the means are provided for supporting the drag-bars withthe teeth thereon free from the ground-21s, for instance, in the machine herein shown-it is desirableto locate the said wheels in such position that the weight of the drag-bars when raised will not to any great extent overbalance the weight of the front part of the tongues.

The invention may be more fully understood by reference to the accompaying drawings.

In the said drawings,Figure 1 is a top plan view of a cultivator embodying the-principles of my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a detail section upon line x .fr of Fig. 2, showing only the tongues, arch,

cultivator embodying the saine principles of 'construction hereinbefore set forth, but inv which the members are disposed somewhat differently than in the one shown in the preceding gures. Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken upon line w .c of Fig. 5, showing the construction of the wheelstandards shown therein. Fig. 7 is a detail view showing the hook Land eye M of Fig. 5.

In the machinesillustrated, A A are the su pporting-wheels; B B, the drag-bars. C C are the tongues or poles. D are wheel-standards by which the wheel-axles are supported from the tongues. E is a cross-piece or arch pivoted to and connecting the rear portions of the tongues, and F is a forward crossfpiece which is pivotally connected wit-h t-he said tongues at their forward ends.

The tongues C C, arch E, and crosspiece F form a rectangular frame to the machine, the tongues being held at the same distance apart at both ends by the arch E and crosspiece F, so that said tongues are free to move longitudinally, but always remain parallel with each other.

The supporting-wheels A and drag-bars B are arranged to run at opposite sides of the row, in the usual manner,the drag-bars herein l shown being provided with oppositely curved and twisted teeth B,and otherwise constructed in a manner shown in an application, No. 140,391, led by me August 13, 1884. forward ends of the drag-bars are preferably located at points considerably in advance of the rear ends of the tongues C C, and in the form of the device shown in Figs. 1 to 4 are connected with the tongues by means of depending arms or levers G, which are pivotally connected both with the dragbars and the tongues by means of transverse' pivots, so as to allow a longitudinal movement of the dragbars with referenceto the tongues, the rearward movement of the drag-bars being limited by chains H, Fig. 2, by which the draft is transmitted to the dragbars. In the form of the device shown in Fig. 5 the drag-bars are attached at their forward ends directly to the wheel-standards D, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

For reasons above stated, the draft is preferably applied to the machine-frame at points at the rear of the forward ends of the drag bars, and for this purpose, in the device herein shown, the arch E, which is located at the rear ends of the tongues, is extended at its ends laterally beyond or outside of the tongues,

lso as to form arms E', to the outer ends of which the single-trees I are attached. In order to provide a suitable neck-yoke or means for connecting the forward ends of the tongues with the harness-collars, the front cross-bar, F, is shown as extended at its ends and provided with suitable eyes or rings for the attachment of breast-chains.

It is not essential to the operation of the.

parts described, however,that the draft should be applied in the manner described, and projections or arms rigidly attached to the tongues.

maybe used for thc attachment of both the The 9 single-trees and of the breast-straps. This construction is illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. l, in which rigid arms for the attachment of singletrees and of the breast-straps are shown at K and L. Fither of the means shown for making the draft-connections obvious] y affords the desired independent movement of the tongues and drag-bars, whereby the evener commonly heretofore used in tongued cultivators may be dispensed with; but the construction first described, in which the single-trees are attached to the projecting ends upon the arch, is usually preferred, inasmuch as in this construction, by reason of the fact that the drag-bars are located between and nearer together than the points of attachment of the single-trees,the relative backward and forward movement of the two drag-bars is less than that of the horses. Vhen the pro- 2o jections or rigid arms are used for making the draftconnections, as indicated at K and L, Fig. 1,the tongues may be connected by a pivoted cross-bar located elsewhere than at the extreme front ends of the tonguesas indicated, for instance, in dotted lines at M in the said figure.

In the form of the device shown in Fig. 5 the arch is shown in the same position as in Fig. 1, the wheels Ain this case being located considerably in advance of the arch. The said arch, in the form of the cultivator last referred to, as well as in that shown in Figs. l and 2, may, however, be located in advance of the rear end of the tongues, as indicated, for instance, in dotted lines in Fig. 5. In case the construction last mentioned is used the draft attachments may be made as shown in dotted lines in Fig. l, in which case the arms E'upon the arch will of course be absent. Ifthe arch E,construct ed for the attachment of the single-trees at its projecting ends E', as indicated in Fig. l, is used in the position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5, the parts of the tongues projecting rearwardly from the arch will obviously be useful only as supports for the drag bars when means are provided for supporting the said drag-bars free from the ground-such, for instance, as are shown inthe said Fig. 5, and hereinafter described.

ln the construction of the device shown in Figs. 1 to 4 the wheel-standards D are conveniently formed by two laterally-separated bars, d, preferably provided with forwardlyprojecting parts d' at their upper ends,

which are bolted against the opposite sides of the tongues, whereby the said bars are rigidly secured to thetongues. The said bars d are constructed to afford bearings at their lower ends for short wheel-axles A', the wheels Ain this case beinglocated beneath the tongues and the forward portions of the drag-bars, and being made relativelysmall so as to avoid interference with the latter. The bars d also are, as illustrated in Figs. l to 4, bent or spread apart in their middle portions to provide space for the lateral and vertical play of i the drag-bars, which pass between the said bars. Y

The object of the pivoted or swinging con.

nection between the drag-bars and the tongues formed by the arm or link G is to enable the drag-bars to be thrown forward when they are raised, both for the purpose of bringing the Weight of the sections forward relatively to the wheels, so that it will at such time not tend to lift the forward ends of the tongues, and also in order to enable the supporting devices of the drag-bars and frame to be more readily engaged at the time the bars are be ing lifted.

In the construction ofthe drag-bars shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3 the latter are provided with a double bend or deflection in their por tions immediately at the rear of the standards D, so that their rear portions, b', are lower than their front parts, b. rlhe standards D are provided between the bars d with transverse rods or crossbars D', located above the wheels, as shown in Fig. 3, and the bend in the drag-bars is so located that when the lat.- ter are thrown forward their lower ends, b, adjacent to the bends will rest upon the crosspieces D,and the rear ends of said drag-bars will be thereby sustained at a desired height above the ground. The dragbars may be pro- Vided,as shown,with stops b2 upon their under surfaces, constructed to encounter the said crossbars D',and to thereby limit the forward The cross-bars D',

In order to aid invlifting and throwing forz ward the drag-bars, a spring, N, may be attached to the link orarm G in such manner as to tend to throw thelowcr end of the latter forward. As herein shown, the link G is composed of two bars, g, which are located upon opposite sides of the tongue, and extended upwardly beyond the latter, as indicated at G', the spring N being connected wit-h the upper end of part G', and with the tongue at the rear of the said arm. rlhe drag-bars are, as shown, connected at their forward ends with the links G by means of coupling-pieces g', connected with the links by transverse horizontal pivots, and with the drag-bars by vertical pivots, whereby free vertical and lateral movements in the rear ends of the drag-bars are permitted.

The chain H will usually be connected with the said couplingpiece, and thelatter may have a downwardly and forwardly projecting part, as indicated in dotted lines at g2, Fig.2, to which the chain may be attached, so that the draft upon the latter will tend to force the cultivator-teeth into the ground. Such projection g2 will usually be provided with several apertures, as shown, in. either of which the chain may be hooked,whereby the downward pressure caused by the action of thedraft upon said projection may be varied as desired.

Instead of the supporting device described, the cultivator shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3 may have hooks, as indicated in dotted lines at O, Figs. l and 2, and the drag-bars may have cyes P, as also indicated in dotted lines, adapted to engage the hooks when the drag-bars are thrown upwardly and forwardly, with obvious advantages in point of simplicity and cheapness of construction.

In carrying out the general features of t-he invention the supportiiig-wheels may be lof cated otherwise than immediately beneath the tongues, as above described, and, as before slated, lsaid wheels may be connected with the frame of the cultivator in any manner found desirable or convenient. Another means of supporting t-he wheels from the tongues is illustrated, for instance, by dotted lines in Fig. 3, in which wheels (indicated A2) are shown as mounted upon the ends of bent axles or brackets A3, rigidly attached to the outer faces of the tongues. XVhen this construction is used, the wheels may be placed at a sutiicient distance laterally from the drag-bars to enable the latter to swing to the full extent necessary without encountering the wheels, and in such case the wheels may be made larger than is .practicable when the construction shown in full lilies in Figs. l, 2, and 3 is used.

rPhe arch E may be constructed and pivoti ally connected with the tongues in any desired or preferred manner. As herein shown, Fig. 2, said arch is composed of two bent baisee, the lower bar, e, being made longer than the bar e, so as to extend beyond the tongues at its ends and from the arms E, to which the single-trees are attached. The bars e and c are secured together', as shown, so as to form a rigid structure, the bars being preferably placed upon opposite sides of the tongues and pivoted to the latter by vertical pivots or bolts e2, shown in Figs. l, 2` and 3 as having hooks upon their upper ends for the attachment of the springs N.

In the form of cultivator shown in Fig. 5, in which, as before mentioned, the drag-bars are connected with the tongues through the medium of the wheel-standards D, the side bars, d, of said standards in this case are straight, Fig. 6, and a coupli1ig-block,g, is pivoted to turn upon a horizontal axis between the said standards, and connected by a vertical pivot with the drag-bar, so 4that the latter may move at its rear end in the same manner as in the construction first described. As shown in Fig. 5, also, hooks O are located upon the rear ends of the tongues in position to enga-ge the eyes P upon the drag-bars, the hooks in this case being arranged transversely ofthe tongues, as clearly shown in Fig. 7, so that the eyes are engaged therewith by a lateral movement ot' the drag-bars, instead of a horizontal movement thereof, as is the case in the form ot' supporting devices shown in Figs.

l and 2, and before described. The construction of the device shown in Fig. 5 possesses the disadvantage that the entire weight of the drag-bars and parts belonging thereto is supported at the rear of the wheels, and will therefore have an objectionable tendency to liftl the forward ends of the tongues.

In the several forms of cultivator embodying my invention herein shown, and above described, it will be observed that the tongues and drag-bars are independently movable longitudinally, or in the direction of the draft, whereby the draft upon the separate cultivator-sections is equalized without the use ot a complicated and expensive structure in the machine-frame, such as has heretofore been employed for this purpose in tongued cultivators. The tongues also being connected with the wheels, serve to move the latter obliquely to the line of progression when the tongues are swung to either side, so that the entire machine may be readily guided and turned in a short space.

Another advantage of connecting the dragbars with the tongues in alignment with the latter when the front ends of said drag-barsA are located in advance of the single-tree connections, is that the presence of the tongues in such ease prevents the horses from swaying toward and interfering with the said bars. It may be observed, in this connection, that the teeth at their inner or adjacent sides of the cnltivator-seetions shown are located in advance of these upon the outer sides of the drag-bars, which are behind and adjacent to the horses, whereby the entire structure is made shorter than if similar cultivator-sections were used and otherwise arranged.

One of the important features of novelty in my invention is that embraced in a construction of cultivator-frame comprising two separate and separately-movable tongues, and another is embodied in a construction of. the frame in which the latter has two separate tongues, and the drag-bars are attached to the frame at points in advance of the points of draft-connection; and I do not desire to limit my invention (as far as these and other features of improvement above pointed out are concerned) to the particular devices herein shown; but I wish to claim, broadly, all devices embodying the same general principles of construction which are present in the machines herein shown, and above described.

I claim as my inventionl. In a cultivator, the combination, with a frame comprising two separate tongues, crosspieces pivotally connected with the tongues, and suitable draft-connections attached to the frame at the rear part of the latter, of dragbars connected with the frame at points in advance ofthe d raft-connections, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a cultivator, the combination of two separate tongues, cross pieces uniting the tongues and pivotally connected with the lat- IIO izo

ter, draft-connections attached to the tongues at the rear ends of the latter, and drag-bars connected with the tongues at points forward of the said rear ends of the tongues, substan- '5 tially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a cultivator, the combination of two separate tongues7 a cross-piece pivotally connected with the tongues near their rear ends, and extended laterally from the` tongues to afford attachment for the draftconnections, a cross-piece pivotally connected with the tongues at their front ends, and extended to form neck-yokes, and drag-bars attached to said tongues, substantially as described.

15 4. In a cultivator, the combination of two separate tongues, a cross-piece in the form of an arch pivoted to the tongues and extended beyond the latter to afford attachment of the draft-connections, and drag-bars connected 2o with the tongues at points in advance of the said cross-piece, substantially as described.

5. In a cultivator,the combination of a frame comprising two separate tongues and crosspieces pivotally connected with the tongues,

25 supporting-wheels for the frame, drag-bars pivotally connected at 'their forward ends to the frame at points forward of the wheels, by means permitting a longitudinal movement of the drag-bars, and means for sustaining the rear ends of the bars from the frame, substan- 3o tially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a cultivator, the combination of aframe comprising two separate tongues, C, and crosspieces E and F, uniting the tongues, supportinghwheels for the frame, drag-bars B, depending links or arms G, connecting the forward ends of the drag-bars with the tongues, chains H, attached to the tongues and drag-bars for limiting the rearward movement of the latter, and means for sustaining the rear ends of the dragbars from the frame, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I aix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EFFINGER E. VHIPPLE.

Witnesses:

C. CLARENCE PooLE, OLIVER E. PAGIN. 

